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__NOTOC__ ''Euprymna scolopes'', also known as the Hawaiian bobtail squid, is a species of bobtail squid in the family Sepiolidae native to the central Pacific Ocean, where it occurs in shallow coastal waters off the Hawaiian Islands and Midway Island.〔Reid, A. & P. Jereb 2005. Family Sepiolidae. ''In:'' P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. ''Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae)''. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 1. Rome, FAO. pp. 153–203.〕〔(Countries' Exclusive Economic Zones with ''Euprymna scolopes'' )〕 The type specimen was collected off the Hawaiian Islands and is deposited at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C..〔(Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda )〕 ''E. scolopes'' grows to in mantle length.〔 Hatchlings weigh and mature in 80 days. Adults weigh up to .〔Wood, J.B. & R.K. O'Dor 2000. ''Marine Biology'' 136(1): 91.〕 In the wild, ''E. scolopes'' feeds on species of shrimp, including ''Halocaridina rubra'', ''Palaemon debilis'', and ''Palaemon pacificus''.〔Shears, J. 1988. The Use of a Sand-coat in Relation to Feeding and Diel Activity in the Sepiolid Squid ''Euprymna scolopes''. R.T. Hanlon (ed.) ''Malacologia'' 29(1): 121-133.〕 In the laboratory, ''E. scolopes'' has been reared on a varied diet of animals, including mysids (''Anisomysis'' sp.), brine shrimp (''Artemia salina''), mosquitofish (''Gambusia affinis''), prawns (''Leander debilis''), and octopuses (''Octopus cyanea'').〔Boletzky, S.v. & R.T. Hanlon. 1983. A Review of the Laboratory Maintenance, Rearing and Culture of Cephalopod Molluscs. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Biology and Resource Potential of Cephalopods, Melbourne, Australia, 9–13 March 1981, Roper, Clyde F.E., C.C. Lu and F.G. Hochberg, ed. 44: 147-187.〕 The Hawaiian monk seal (''Monachus schauinslandi'') preys on ''E. scolopes'' in northwestern Hawaiian waters.〔Goodman-Lowe, G.D. 1998. ''Marine Biology'' 132: 535-546.〕 ==Symbiosis== ''E. scolopes'' lives in a symbiotic relationship with the bioluminescent bacteria ''Vibrio fischeri'', which inhabits a special light organ in the squid's mantle. The bacteria are fed a sugar and amino acid solution by the squid and in return hide the squid's silhouette when viewed from below by matching the amount of light hitting the top of the mantle (counter-illumination).〔Young, R.E. & C.F. Roper 1976. Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid. ''Science'' 191(4231): 1046–1048. 〕 ''E. scolopes'' serves as a model organism for animal-bacterial symbiosis and its relationship with ''V. fischeri'' has been carefully studied.〔DeLoney, C.R., T.M. Bartley & K.L. Visick 2002. ''Journal of Bacteriology'' 184(18): 5121-5129.〕〔Dunlap, P.V., K. Kitatsukamoto, J.B. Waterbury & S.M. Callahan 1995. ''Archives of Microbiology'' 164(3): 194-202.〕〔Foster, J.S., M.A. Apicella & M.J. McFall-Ngai 2000. ''Developmental Biology'' 226(2): 242-254.〕〔Hanlon, R.T., M.F. Claes, S.E. Ashcraft & P.V. Dunlap 1997. ''Biological Bulletin'' 192(3): 364-374.〕〔Lee, K.-H. & E.G. Ruby 1995. ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'' 61(1): 278-283.〕〔Lemus, J.D. & M.J. McFall-Ngai 2000. ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'' 66: 4091-4097.〕〔Millikan, D.S. & E.G. Ruby 2003. ''Journal of Bacteriology'' (American Society for Microbiology) 185(12): 3547-3557.〕〔Montgomery, M.K. & M. McFall-Ngai 1998. ''Biological Bulletin'' 195: 326-336.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Euprymna scolopes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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